20th Century Design Philosophies Explored

20th Century witnessed many design philosophies that were not limited to any stream but to architecture, interiors, furniture, and product design. Today we will go to see various such philosophies in one article.

The very first philosophy of design is “Modernism”. Modernism is basically Form follows function. It is not so decorative and cluttered. It has clean lines and geometric forms. It mainly focuses on simplicity and minimal ornamentation. It uses materials like steel, concrete and glass. As we compare it to tradition, we see that it focuses more on functional planning rather than decoration. Its characteristics are open floor plans, a neutral colour palette, large openings, and efficient spaces.

Another philosophy is Bauhaus. The core philosophy is: Unite art, craft, and technology. Key principles are Function over decoration, mass production with quality, simple geometric forms, and integration of architecture, interiors, and furniture. Their characteristics are the use of primary colours, steel tube furniture, flat roofs, and minimal detailing. Famous designers of this time are Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy.

The next design philosophy is Art Deco. Its core concept is to celebrate luxury, glamour, and progress. It also focuses on symmetry and decorative geometries. Rich materials and bold patterns are also principles of it. Characteristics are gold and chrome finishes, use of marble, velvet, sunburst, and zigzag motifs.

Scandinavian Design Philosophy: Beauty through simplicity and everyday functionality. They are more focused on human-centred design, natural materials, comfort, and minimalism. Characteristics are light wood, white walls, natural lighting, and cozy interiors. Famous Designers at this time were Alvar Aalto and Arne Jacobsen.

Minimalism is the philosophy that is now also in trend. It focuses on the principle — “Less is more”. This philosophy eliminates unnecessary elements and creates clean spaces, neutral colours, and functional furniture.